Commonwealth electrical industries have manufactured d-shape elements. These are heating elements formed from round to `d` section and then formed to round diameter to achieve a cylindrical format. They are compacted to extreme density. This process increases heat transferability as well as insulation value to the dielectric. The greater insulation value accommodates higher watt densities. These heaters produce more wattages compared to conventional heaters and are able to operate at higher temperatures. Maximum operating temperature is 650°c. Its specialties are: longer service life- the life of `d` shape elements has direct relation to its internal operating temperature. It requires denser and more uniform compaction of the di-electric to give greater heat transfer to the sheath. This combined with more efficient heat transfer to the surrounding metal through intimate contact with the ball of bore to permit the `d` section elements to run substantially cooler that results into a better life. Better heat transfer occurs less power consumption, which maintains the set point temperature reducing operating costs. Features are easy to install and remove; longer service life; higher watt densities; uniform temperature profile. Available sizes are 3, 4.5, 6.3, 8, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12, 14, and 16 mm.
