International industrial springs, thane, manufactures disc springs. These are conically shaped annular discs, which are loaded in the axial direction. The unique combination of high force in a small space provides a good solution to many engineering problems. These disc springs can be used as single disc or in a stack. They are available with or without contact flats. Disc springs and belleville washers are produced to din 2093 and din 6796 standards. Heavy series disc springs are made from forgings. Disc stacks may be designed for extremely high loads where coil springs are not feasible at all. Advantages: no deformation or fatigue under normal loads; high energy storage capacity; long service life; largely self-damping, giving good shock absorption and energy dissipation; adaptable to stacking in numerous configurations; and low maintenance cost. For dynamic applications, disc springs conforming to din 2093 are recommended. These disc springs are specially designed by international industrial springs as preloading springs for use with radial ball bearings. Belleville springs have been specifically designed for heavy bolted sections such as bus bars, transformers, rectifiers, heat exchangers, transmissions, etc.