Emco electronics offers checksum manufacturing defects analysers [mdas] that provide the capability to quickly and easily test assemblies for common manufacturing defects, such as incorrect, missing or misoriented components, and opens & shorts. These faults comprise the vast majority of problems encountered in the tide the capability to quickly and easily test assemblies for common manufacturing defects, such as incorrect, missing or misoriented components, and opens & shorts. These faults comprise the vast majority of problems encountered in the typical manufacturing flow. Since the mdas have low initial purchase price and ease in programming, they provide the most cost-effective means of improving productivity. The mda systems can quickly and accurately measure continuity, capacitors, resistors, inductors, voltages, semiconductor junction voltages, and smt connections for opens. With these basic tools, mdas can find most faults in analog or digital assemblies before power-up. A line of mda test systems to fill the needs of different applications are offered. The checksum analyst mc system is a low-cost, 400 test point bench top mda test system integrated with a mechanical-advantage fixture receiver. The fixture receiver s test systems to fill the needs of different applications are offered. The checksum analyst mc system is a low-cost, 400 test point bench top mda test system integrated with a mechanical-advantage fixture receiver. The fixture receiver system uses quick change fixture kits. Model tr-4 mda test system increases test coverage by adding the capacity for higher point counts, wider component measurement ranges, and capabilities such as complex-impedance measurement techniques and guarding.